Microcrustaceans structure determined by the type and trophic state of lakes

Nogueira, Bharguan Pizzol; Moreira-Silva, Camila; Marigo, Thaís Coimbra; Perbiche-Neves, Gilmar

doi:10.1590/S2179-975X4224

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Thematic Section “Neotropical Zooplankton Symposium” • Acta Limnol. Bras. 37 • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X4224 linkcopy

Microcrustaceans structure determined by the type and trophic state of lakes

Estrutura de microcrustáceos determinada pelo tipo e estado trófico dos lagos

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstracts

Abstract: Aim In this study, we investigated the response of microcrustaceans composition, diversity and abundance (Cladocera and Copepoda) to the lake’s origin (natural and man-made) and trophic state (mesotrophic and eutrophic, with natural eutrophication and artificial eutrophication). We tested the following hypotheses: (I) the increase in the abundance of certain microcrustacean species may indicate a rise in the trophic level; (II) the richness and abundance vary amongst lakes and are higher in the lake with natural eutrophication; and (III) the microcrustaceans abundance is associate with high primary productivity, being higher in the eutrophic environment with artificial eutrophication.

Methods The study was conducted in a segment of the Paranapanema River basin, in southeastern Brazil, focusing on five lakes spanning an eight-kilometer stretch, to understand the different organisms' responses to distinct conditions of aquatic environments. Sampling was carried out bimonthly over the course of a year.

Results A principal component analysis (PCA) separated three types of lakes: eutrophic (natural and man-made) to mesotrophic. Additionally, 25 taxa were found. SIMPER analysis filtered six species with more than 70% dissimilarity contribution. Five species exhibited differences amongst the lakes, one species correlated with natural variables as depth. The redundancy analysis associated the Bosminopsis deitersi abundance with man-made eutrophic lakes and with the variables electrical conductivity, phosphorus, nitrogen, chlorophyll-a, and hardness. High abundances of B. deitersi indicated artificial eutrophication especially in man-made lakes, while natural lakes with natural eutrophication were not favorable environments for the increase of B. deitersi abundance.

Conclusions This study highlights the neotropical oxbow lakes, emphasizing the significance of physicochemical characterization, detailed temporal sampling, and lake classification by origin and trophic level.

Keywords:
anthropic impacts; oxbow lakes; Neotropical region; zooplankton

LAKES	ITA	CAPA	MINE	AREIAL	ARA
Classification	NM	ME	NM	MM	NE
pH	6.0	6.2	5.6	5.4	6.0
Hard (mg.L^-1)	35	42	25	27	26
Alca (mg.L^-1)	32	41	31	55	38
Transp (m)	0.89	0.59	0.96	0.35	0.46
Turb (NTU)	9.6	36.7	10.8	48.2	38.8
DO (mg.L^-1)	4.8	5	5.7	6.1	5.2
Temp (Cº)	23.0	23.2	22.8	24.2	23.0
Cond (µS.cm^-1)	40.8	71.0	38.0	44.5	26.0
TP (µg.L^-1)	47	60	26	43	62
TN (µg.L^-1)	457	626	273	177	627
Chlor (µg.L^-1)	16	40	38	21	41
Dep (m)	3.4	3	3.4	5	0.83
TSI Index	M	E	M	M	E
TSI value	40	50	44	44	51

	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC5	PC6
pH	-0.16	-0.56	-0.04	-0.04	0.08	0.21
Hard	-0.27	-0.25	-0.33	0.42	-0.06	-0.17
Alca	-0.32	0.13	-0.38	-0.14	0.05	0
Transp	-0.06	-0.18	0.55	0.2	-0.18	-0.11
Turb	0.03	0.13	-0.54	-0.34	-0.19	0.1
DO	0.05	0.21	0.01	-0.02	0.78	-0.48
Temp	-0.19	-0.42	0.07	-0.27	0.4	0.26
Cond	-0.25	-0.24	-0.25	0.36	-0.04	-0.41
TP	0.32	-0.13	-0.19	0.34	0.36	0.5
TN	0.37	0.2	-0.14	0.51	-0.01	0.16
Chlor	0.45	-0.39	-0.17	-0.09	-0.11	-0.32
Dep	-0.5	0.27	0.07	0.25	0.05	0.26

Taxa	Occurrence of Taxa in each lake					Frequency (%)
COPEPODA
Diaptomidae	ITA	CAPA	MINE	AREIAL	ARA
Notodiaptomus henseni (Dahl F., 1894)	1	1	1	1	1	100
Notodiaptomus iheringi (Wright S., 1935)	1	1	1	1	0	80
Cyclopidae
Thermocyclops inversus Kiefer, 1936	1	1	1	1	1	100
Mesocyclops longisetus (Thiébaud, 1912)	0	0	1	1	0	40
Microcyclops anceps (Richard, 1897)	0	0	0	0	1	20
Microcyclops ceibaensis (Marsh, 1919)	0	0	0	0	1	20
Eucyclops serrulatus (Fischer, 1851)	0	0	0	0	1	20
Paracyclops chiltoni (Thomson G.M., 1883)	0	0	0	0	1	20
CLADOCERA
Chydoridae
Oxyurella ciliata Bergamin, 1939	0	0	0	0	1	20
Alona rustica Scott, 1895	0	0	0	0	1	20
Magnospina dentifera (G.O. Sars, 1901)	1	1	0	0	1	60
Bosminidae
Bosminopsis deitersi Richard,1895	1	1	1	0	1	80
Bosmina freyi De Melo & Hebert, 1994	1	1	0	0	0	40
Bosmina hagmanni Stingelin, 1904	1	1	0	0	0	40
Daphniidae
Ceriodaphnia silvestrii Daday, 1902	0	0	1	1	0	40
Ceriodaphnia cornuta G.O. Sars, 1885	0	0	0	1	0	20
Daphnia gessneri Herbst, 1967	0	1	0	0	0	20
Sididae
Diaphanosoma brevireme G.O. Sars, 1901	0	0	1	1	0	40
Diaphanosoma birgei Korínek, 1981	0	1	1	0	1	60
Diaphanosoma spinulosum Herbst, 1975	1	1	1	1	1	100
Moina minuta Hansen,1899	1	1	1	1	1	100
Simocephalus serrulatus (Koch, 1841)	0	0	0	0	1	20
Macrothricidae
Macrothrix paulensis (G.O. Sars, 1900)	0	0	0	0	1	20
Macrothrix spinosa King, 1853	0	1	0	1	1	60
Macrothrix elegans G.O. Sars, 1901	1	0	0	1	1	60

Ecological attributes	F	p	Species abundance	H	p
Richness (S)	3.63	0.30	N. henseni	11.20	0.01
Evenness	1.82	0.60	T. inversus	10.57	0.01
	H	p	B. deitersi	20.33	<0.01
Total Abundance	6.05	<0.01	M. minuta	3.86	0.26
Alpha Diversity (H´)	1.69	0.19	D. spinulosum	7.90	0.04
Alpha Diversity (H´)			M. spinosa	7.53	0.05

	Depth	Temperature	*N. henseni*	*T. inversus*	*D. spinulosum*	*M. spinosa*
Depth	1	0.04	0.46	0.02	0.11	-0.32*
Temperature	0.04	1	0.02	0.14	0.18	0.09

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[1] Codes: pH = Hydrogen potential, Hard = total hardness, Alca = total alkalinity, Transp = water transparency, Turb = turbidity, DO = dissolved oxygen, Temp = water temperature, Cond = conductivity; TP = total phosphorus; TN = total nitrogen; Chlor = total chlorophyll-a; TSI = Trophic State Index; Dep = Depth; NM = natural mesotrophic; ME = man-made eutrophic; MM = man-made mesotrophic; NE = natural eutrophic; M = mesotrophic; E = eutrophic.